Other proposed combat rocket fighters like the Heinkel Julia and reconnaissance aircraft like the DFS 228 were meant to use the Walter 509 series of rocket motors, but besides the Me 163, only the Bachem Ba 349 Natter vertical launch expendable fighter was ever flight-tested with the Walter rocket propulsion system as its primary sustaining thrust system for military-purpose aircraft. The hypergolic rocket motor had the advantage of fast climb and quick-hitting tactics at the cost of being very volatile and capable of exploding with any degree of inattention. The Komet had a HWK 109-509, a rocket motor which consumed methanol/hydrazine as fuel and high test peroxide T-Stoff as oxidizer. The only rocket-powered fighter ever deployed was the Messerschmitt Me 163B Komet. Wolfgang Nöggerath, at the Technical University of Brunswick, Germany. The "hypergole" terminology was coined by Dr. Hypergolic propellants (or at least hypergolic ignition) were far less prone to hard starts than electric or pyrotechnic ignition. Monergols were monopropellants, while non-hypergols were bipropellants which required external ignition, and lithergols were solid/liquid hybrids. The ending ergol is a combination of Greek ergon or work, and Latin oleum or oil, later influenced by the chemical suffix -ol from alcohol. In Germany from the mid-1930s through World War II, rocket propellants were broadly classed as monergols, hypergols, non-hypergols and lithergols. : 22–23Īn early hypergolic-propellant rocket engine, the Walter 109-509A of 1942–45. The second problem was eventually solved by the addition of small quantities of furfuryl alcohol to the aniline. Robert Goddard, Reaction Motors, and Curtiss-Wright worked on aniline/nitric acid engines in the early 1940s, for small missiles and jet assisted take-off ( JATO).The project resulted in the successful assisted take off of several Martin PBM and PBY bombers, but the project was disliked because of the toxic properties of both fuel and oxidizer, as well as the high freezing point of aniline. They developed engines powered by aniline and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA). by GALCIT and Navy Annapolis researchers in 1940. Hypergolic propellants were discovered independently, for the second time, in the U.S. : 13 BMW developed engines burning a hypergolic mix of nitric acid with various combinations of amines, xylidines and anilines. Otto Lutz assisted the Walter Company with the development of C-Stoff which contained 30 percent hydrazine hydrate, 57 percent methanol, and 13 percent water, and spontaneously ignited with high strength hydrogen peroxide.
He was probably the first to discover this phenomenon, and set to work developing a fuel. In 1935, Hellmuth Walter discovered that hydrazine hydrate was hypergolic with high strength hydrogen peroxide of 80-83 percent.
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